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Ledger NEWS
* 2.0
- The code base was rewritten for clarity and consistency. It is now
simpler, more robust, and faster.
- The most significant feature addition in this version is the use of
"value expressions". These are now used in many places to indicate
what to display, the sorting order, and even the output format.
A value expression is a simple string that uses one letter codes to
indicate transaction, entry and account details. Logic and math
operators are supported, as well as a few useful functions. See the
README.
- If the environment variable LEDGER (or LEDGER_FILE) is used, a
binary cache of that ledger will be kept in ~/.ledger (or
LEDGER_CACHE), to speed up later queries of the same data. This
happens only when "-f" or "--file" is not used.
- New options:
"-o FILE" outputs data to the given FILE. If "-", the output is the
same as the default (stdout).
-j and -J options replace previous -G (gnuplot) option. -j reports
the values column in a way gnuplot can consume, and -J reports the
totals column. An example can be found in scripts/report.
"-y DATEFMT" changes the date format used in register reports. The
default is "%Y/%m/%d".
-Y and -W print yearly and weekly subtotals, just as the -M option
printed monthly subtotals in the previous version.
-w shows cumulative totals for each of the days of the week.
"-z INTERVAL" allows more flexible interval reporting. The
sublanguage used will probably mature over time, but for now it
supports expression like:
monthly
every week
every 3 quarters
weekly from 12/20
-O shows base values (this is the default, and old behavior)
-B shows basis cost of commodities
-V show market value of commodities
-G reports net gain/loss (shows commodity changes only)
-A reports average value (arithmetic mean)
-D reports deviation from the average value
-X reports the trend (average rate of change)
-Z reports the trend, with older values affecting the trend less
- Regexps specified after the command name now apply to account names
only. To search on a payee, use "--" to separate the two kinds of
regexps. For example, to find a payee named "John" within all
Expenses accounts, use:
ledger register expenses -- john
FYI: The above command is identical (and internally converted) to:
ledger -l "/expenses/|//john/" register
- To include entries from a file into a specific account, use:
@ ACCOUNT
!include FILE
@@
All entries specified within the "@ ACCOUNT/@@" range will be added
under that account.
- Register reports now show the account being changed. Use the -r
option to see "other accounts" -- or the account the credit/debit
came from. (This was the old behavior in 1.x, but can lead to
confusing reports when viewing accounts with subaccounts.) The -r
option also works for balance reports, where it will show all the
account totals related to your query.
- Automated transactions now use a single value expression as a
predicate. This means the new syntax is:
= VALUE-EXPR
TRANSACTIONS...
Only one VALUE-EXPR is supported, compared to the multiple account
regexps supported before. By using a VALUE-EXPR as a predicate,
matching may now be much more comprehensive and selective.
- The use of "+" and "-" in ledger files (to specify permanent
regexps) has been removed.
- -l now takes a value expression as the "calculation predicate".
To mimic the old behavior of "-l \$100", use: -d "AT<{\$100}"
- The -S flag takes a value expression string, which yields the value
that will be sorted on.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Value expressions are now supported, where the totals reported can
be changed using -t and -T and an expression string composed of:
a amount
B current balance
T amount total (B + a)
c cost
C cost total
v market value(amount, date)
V total market value(amount total, date)
g net gain (v - c)
G total net gain (V - C)
d date (in seconds past the epoch)
i index (within the report)
o item age = date - report begin date
w item newness = report end date - date
b report begin date
e report end date
P(x,y) market price of x at time y (i.e., V = p(A,d))
Mx total arthmetic of x (x/n)
Bx deviation = a - x
Ax absolute (positive) value of x
{x} parse x as a ledger amount
/s/ 1 if full account name matches s
in precedence order:
-?[0-9]*.[0-9]+ numerical constants
binary operators: * /
binary operators: + -
comparison operators: = < <= > >=
logical operators: ! & |
(x) parenthetical grouping
The standard reports are therefore implemented as:
-O == -t a -T A
-B == -t c -T C
-V == -t c -T V
-G == -t g -T G
-A == -t a -T MA
-D == -t a -T DMA
-T == -t a -T MDMA
-W == -t a -T MD(MA*(d-b/e-b))
-X == -t a -T a+MD(MA*(d-b/e-b))
- User-specified format strings are supported with a -F option. The
strings are very much like printf format strings, with the following
syntax for each substitution:
%?-m.MX
Each part of the above except for X is optional, and means:
? field is blank if reporting on a "subsequent line" (within
the register report, when viewing splits)
- left justify field (default is right)
m minimum width of the field
. indicates that a maximum width is being specified
M maximum width of the field; values are truncated to fit
And where X may be any one of:
% self-insert
d same as %[%Y/%m/%d]
[datefmt] pass 'datefmt' to strftime for the entry
p the payee
a the custom account name (report dependent)
n the real account name (balance report only)
N full account name (balance report only)
t whatever the specified value expression is
T whatever the specified total expression is
(expr) insert an arbitrary style expression
The default format for the register and balance reports are:
%?10d %?-.20p %-.22a %12.66t %12.80T
%20T %-a
* 1.7
- Pricing histories are now supported, so that ledger remembers
historical pricing of all commodities, and can give register reports
based on past and present market values, as well as the original
cost basis. See README for more details on the new option switches.
* 1.6
- Can now parse timeclock files. These are simple timelogs that track
in/out events, which can be maintained using my timeclock tool. By
allowing ledger to parse these, it means that reporting can be done
on them in the same way as a ledger file (the commodities is "h",
for hours); and it means that doing things like tracking billable
hours for clients, and invoicing those clients to transfer those
hours into a dollar value via a receivable account, is now trivial.
See the docs for more on how to do this.
- Began keeping NEWS file. :)
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