TrapsNeverHappen mode (#4059)

The goal of this mode is to remove obviously-unneeded code like

(drop
  (i32.load
    (local.get $x)))

In general we can't remove it, as the load might trap - we'd be removing
a side effect. This is fairly rare in general, but actually becomes quite
annoying with wasm GC code where such patterns are more common,
and we really need to remove them.

Historically the IgnoreImplicitTraps option was meant to help here. However,
in practice it did not quite work well enough for most production code, as
mentioned e.g. in #3934 . TrapsNeverHappen mode is an attempt to fix that,
based on feedback from @askeksa in that issue, and also I believe this
implements an idea that @fitzgen mentioned a while ago (sorry, I can't
remember where exactly...). So I'm hopeful this will be generally useful
and not just for GC.

The idea in TrapsNeverHappen mode is that traps are assumed to not
actually happen at runtime. That is, if there is a trap in the code, it will
not be reached, or if it is reached then it will not trap. For example, an
(unreachable) would be assumed to never be reached, which means
that the optimizer can remove it and any code that executes right before
it:

(if
  (..condition..)
  (block
    (..code that can be removed, if it does not branch out..)
    (..code that can be removed, if it does not branch out..)
    (..code that can be removed, if it does not branch out..)
    (unreachable)))

And something like a load from memory is assumed to not trap, etc.,
which in particular would let us remove that dropped load from earlier.

This mode should be usable in production builds with assertions
disabled, if traps are seen as failing assertions. That might not be true
of all release builds (maybe some use traps for other purposes), but
hopefully in some. That is, if traps are like assertions, then enabling
this new mode would be like disabling assertions in release builds
and living with the fact that if an assertion would have been hit then
that is "undefined behavior" and the optimizer might have removed
the trap or done something weird.

TrapsNeverHappen (TNH) is different from IgnoreImplicitTraps (IIT).
The old IIT mode would just ignore traps when computing effects.
That is a simple model, but a problem happens with a trap behind
a condition, like this:

if (x != 0) foo(1 / x);

We won't trap on integer division by zero here only because of the
guarding if. In IIT, we'd compute no side effects on 1 / x, and then
we might end up moving it around, depending on other code in
the area, and potentially out of the if - which would make it happen
unconditionally, which would break.

TNH avoids that problem because it does not simply ignore traps.
Instead, there is a new hasUnremovableSideEffects() method
that must be opted-in by passes. That checks if there are no side
effects, or if there are, if we can remove them - and we know we can
remove a trap if we are running under TrapsNeverHappen mode,
as the trap won't happen by assumption. A pass must only use that
method where it is safe, that is, where it would either remove the
side effect (in which case, no problem), or if not, that it at least does
not move it around (avoiding the above problem with IIT).

This PR does not implement all optimizations possible with
TNH, just a small initial set of things to get started. It is already
useful on wasm GC code, including being as good as IIT on removing
unnecessary casts in some cases, see the test suite updates here.
Also, a significant part of the 18% speedup measured in

#4052 (comment)

is due to my testing with this enabled, as otherwise the devirtualization
there leaves a lot of unneeded code.

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