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| author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> | 2023-03-19 08:09:33 +0200 |
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| committer | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> | 2023-03-19 08:09:33 +0200 |
| commit | 0bebd0e5f09b6fbed2e54f9b8464e93bdd6ad11e (patch) | |
| tree | 41d19f431cd3e1e293d9f9a8f829e84ad100fa63 /admin/notes/tree-sitter/html-manual/Multiple-Languages.html | |
| parent | 6674c362ad94373dacd22b7fd426406539e8d957 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/admin/notes/tree-sitter/html-manual/Multiple-Languages.html b/admin/notes/tree-sitter/html-manual/Multiple-Languages.html deleted file mode 100644 index 390d9082590..00000000000 --- a/admin/notes/tree-sitter/html-manual/Multiple-Languages.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,327 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> -<html> -<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.8, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> -<!-- This is the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual -corresponding to Emacs version 29.0.50. - -Copyright © 1990-1996, 1998-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the -Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License," with the -Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover -Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the -section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." - -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and -modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in -developing GNU and promoting software freedom." --> -<title>Multiple Languages (GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual)</title> - -<meta name="description" content="Multiple Languages (GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual)"> -<meta name="keywords" content="Multiple Languages (GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual)"> -<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> -<meta name="distribution" content="global"> -<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> -<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> - -<link href="index.html" rel="start" title="Top"> -<link href="Index.html" rel="index" title="Index"> -<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> -<link href="Parsing-Program-Source.html" rel="up" title="Parsing Program Source"> -<link href="Tree_002dsitter-major-modes.html" rel="next" title="Tree-sitter major modes"> -<link href="Pattern-Matching.html" rel="prev" title="Pattern Matching"> -<style type="text/css"> -<!-- -a.copiable-anchor {visibility: hidden; text-decoration: none; line-height: 0em} -a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} -blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} -div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} -div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} -kbd {font-style: oblique} -pre.display {font-family: inherit} -pre.format {font-family: inherit} -pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} -pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} -span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} -span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} -span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} -span:hover a.copiable-anchor {visibility: visible} -ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} ---> -</style> -<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./manual.css"> - - -</head> - -<body lang="en"> -<div class="section" id="Multiple-Languages"> -<div class="header"> -<p> -Next: <a href="Tree_002dsitter-major-modes.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Developing major modes with tree-sitter</a>, Previous: <a href="Pattern-Matching.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Pattern Matching Tree-sitter Nodes</a>, Up: <a href="Parsing-Program-Source.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Parsing Program Source</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> -</div> -<hr> -<span id="Parsing-Text-in-Multiple-Languages"></span><h3 class="section">37.6 Parsing Text in Multiple Languages</h3> -<span id="index-multiple-languages_002c-parsing-with-tree_002dsitter"></span> -<span id="index-parsing-multiple-languages-with-tree_002dsitter"></span> -<p>Sometimes, the source of a programming language could contain snippets -of other languages; <acronym>HTML</acronym> + <acronym>CSS</acronym> + JavaScript is one -example. In that case, text segments written in different languages -need to be assigned different parsers. Traditionally, this is -achieved by using narrowing. While tree-sitter works with narrowing -(see <a href="Using-Parser.html#tree_002dsitter-narrowing">narrowing</a>), the recommended way is -instead to set regions of buffer text (i.e., ranges) in which a parser -will operate. This section describes functions for setting and -getting ranges for a parser. -</p> -<p>Lisp programs should call <code>treesit-update-ranges</code> to make sure -the ranges for each parser are correct before using parsers in a -buffer, and call <code>treesit-language-at</code> to figure out the language -responsible for the text at some position. These two functions don’t -work by themselves, they need major modes to set -<code>treesit-range-settings</code> and -<code>treesit-language-at-point-function</code>, which do the actual work. -These functions and variables are explained in more detail towards the -end of the section. -</p> -<span id="Getting-and-setting-ranges"></span><h3 class="heading">Getting and setting ranges</h3> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dparser_002dset_002dincluded_002dranges"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-parser-set-included-ranges</strong> <em>parser ranges</em><a href='#index-treesit_002dparser_002dset_002dincluded_002dranges' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function sets up <var>parser</var> to operate on <var>ranges</var>. The -<var>parser</var> will only read the text of the specified ranges. Each -range in <var>ranges</var> is a list of the form <code>(<var>beg</var> . <var>end</var>)</code><!-- /@w -->. -</p> -<p>The ranges in <var>ranges</var> must come in order and must not overlap. -That is, in pseudo code: -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example">(cl-loop for idx from 1 to (1- (length ranges)) - for prev = (nth (1- idx) ranges) - for next = (nth idx ranges) - should (<= (car prev) (cdr prev) - (car next) (cdr next))) -</pre></div> - -<span id="index-treesit_002drange_002dinvalid"></span> -<p>If <var>ranges</var> violates this constraint, or something else went -wrong, this function signals the <code>treesit-range-invalid</code> error. -The signal data contains a specific error message and the ranges we -are trying to set. -</p> -<p>This function can also be used for disabling ranges. If <var>ranges</var> -is <code>nil</code>, the parser is set to parse the whole buffer. -</p> -<p>Example: -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example">(treesit-parser-set-included-ranges - parser '((1 . 9) (16 . 24) (24 . 25))) -</pre></div> -</dd></dl> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dparser_002dincluded_002dranges"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-parser-included-ranges</strong> <em>parser</em><a href='#index-treesit_002dparser_002dincluded_002dranges' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function returns the ranges set for <var>parser</var>. The return -value is the same as the <var>ranges</var> argument of -<code>treesit-parser-included-ranges</code>: a list of cons cells of the form -<code>(<var>beg</var> . <var>end</var>)</code><!-- /@w -->. If <var>parser</var> doesn’t have any -ranges, the return value is <code>nil</code>. -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example">(treesit-parser-included-ranges parser) - ⇒ ((1 . 9) (16 . 24) (24 . 25)) -</pre></div> -</dd></dl> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dquery_002drange"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-query-range</strong> <em>source query &optional beg end</em><a href='#index-treesit_002dquery_002drange' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function matches <var>source</var> with <var>query</var> and returns the -ranges of captured nodes. The return value is a list of cons cells of -the form <code>(<var>beg</var> . <var>end</var>)</code><!-- /@w -->, where <var>beg</var> and -<var>end</var> specify the beginning and the end of a region of text. -</p> -<p>For convenience, <var>source</var> can be a language symbol, a parser, or a -node. If it’s a language symbol, this function matches in the root -node of the first parser using that language; if a parser, this -function matches in the root node of that parser; if a node, this -function matches in that node. -</p> -<p>The argument <var>query</var> is the query used to capture nodes -(see <a href="Pattern-Matching.html">Pattern Matching Tree-sitter Nodes</a>). The capture names don’t matter. The -arguments <var>beg</var> and <var>end</var>, if both non-<code>nil</code>, limit the -range in which this function queries. -</p> -<p>Like other query functions, this function raises the -<code>treesit-query-error</code> error if <var>query</var> is malformed. -</p></dd></dl> - -<span id="Supporting-multiple-languages-in-Lisp-programs"></span><h3 class="heading">Supporting multiple languages in Lisp programs</h3> - -<p>It should suffice for general Lisp programs to call the following two -functions in order to support program sources that mixes multiple -languages. -</p> -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dupdate_002dranges"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-update-ranges</strong> <em>&optional beg end</em><a href='#index-treesit_002dupdate_002dranges' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function updates ranges for parsers in the buffer. It makes sure -the parsers’ ranges are set correctly between <var>beg</var> and <var>end</var>, -according to <code>treesit-range-settings</code>. If omitted, <var>beg</var> -defaults to the beginning of the buffer, and <var>end</var> defaults to the -end of the buffer. -</p> -<p>For example, fontification functions use this function before querying -for nodes in a region. -</p></dd></dl> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dlanguage_002dat"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-language-at</strong> <em>pos</em><a href='#index-treesit_002dlanguage_002dat' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function returns the language of the text at buffer position -<var>pos</var>. Under the hood it calls -<code>treesit-language-at-point-function</code> and returns its return -value. If <code>treesit-language-at-point-function</code> is <code>nil</code>, -this function returns the language of the first parser in the returned -value of <code>treesit-parser-list</code>. If there is no parser in the -buffer, it returns <code>nil</code>. -</p></dd></dl> - -<span id="Supporting-multiple-languages-in-major-modes"></span><h3 class="heading">Supporting multiple languages in major modes</h3> - -<span id="index-host-language_002c-tree_002dsitter"></span> -<span id="index-tree_002dsitter-host-and-embedded-languages"></span> -<span id="index-embedded-language_002c-tree_002dsitter"></span> -<p>Normally, in a set of languages that can be mixed together, there is a -<em>host language</em> and one or more <em>embedded languages</em>. A Lisp -program usually first parses the whole document with the host -language’s parser, retrieves some information, sets ranges for the -embedded languages with that information, and then parses the embedded -languages. -</p> -<p>Take a buffer containing <acronym>HTML</acronym>, <acronym>CSS</acronym> and JavaScript -as an example. A Lisp program will first parse the whole buffer with -an <acronym>HTML</acronym> parser, then query the parser for -<code>style_element</code> and <code>script_element</code> nodes, which -correspond to <acronym>CSS</acronym> and JavaScript text, respectively. Then -it sets the range of the <acronym>CSS</acronym> and JavaScript parser to the -ranges in which their corresponding nodes span. -</p> -<p>Given a simple <acronym>HTML</acronym> document: -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example"><html> - <script>1 + 2</script> - <style>body { color: "blue"; }</style> -</html> -</pre></div> - -<p>a Lisp program will first parse with a <acronym>HTML</acronym> parser, then set -ranges for <acronym>CSS</acronym> and JavaScript parsers: -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example">;; Create parsers. -(setq html (treesit-parser-create 'html)) -(setq css (treesit-parser-create 'css)) -(setq js (treesit-parser-create 'javascript)) -</pre><pre class="example"> - -</pre><pre class="example">;; Set CSS ranges. -(setq css-range - (treesit-query-range - 'html - "(style_element (raw_text) @capture)")) -(treesit-parser-set-included-ranges css css-range) -</pre><pre class="example"> - -</pre><pre class="example">;; Set JavaScript ranges. -(setq js-range - (treesit-query-range - 'html - "(script_element (raw_text) @capture)")) -(treesit-parser-set-included-ranges js js-range) -</pre></div> - -<p>Emacs automates this process in <code>treesit-update-ranges</code>. A -multi-language major mode should set <code>treesit-range-settings</code> so -that <code>treesit-update-ranges</code> knows how to perform this process -automatically. Major modes should use the helper function -<code>treesit-range-rules</code> to generate a value that can be assigned to -<code>treesit-range-settings</code>. The settings in the following example -directly translate into operations shown above. -</p> -<div class="example"> -<pre class="example">(setq-local treesit-range-settings - (treesit-range-rules - :embed 'javascript - :host 'html - '((script_element (raw_text) @capture)) -</pre><pre class="example"> - -</pre><pre class="example"> :embed 'css - :host 'html - '((style_element (raw_text) @capture)))) -</pre></div> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002drange_002drules"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>treesit-range-rules</strong> <em>&rest query-specs</em><a href='#index-treesit_002drange_002drules' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This function is used to set <var>treesit-range-settings</var>. It -takes care of compiling queries and other post-processing, and outputs -a value that <var>treesit-range-settings</var> can have. -</p> -<p>It takes a series of <var>query-spec</var>s, where each <var>query-spec</var> is -a <var>query</var> preceded by zero or more <var>keyword</var>/<var>value</var> -pairs. Each <var>query</var> is a tree-sitter query in either the -string, s-expression or compiled form, or a function. -</p> -<p>If <var>query</var> is a tree-sitter query, it should be preceded by two -<var>:keyword</var>/<var>value</var> pairs, where the <code>:embed</code> keyword -specifies the embedded language, and the <code>:host</code> keyword -specified the host language. -</p> -<p><code>treesit-update-ranges</code> uses <var>query</var> to figure out how to set -the ranges for parsers for the embedded language. It queries -<var>query</var> in a host language parser, computes the ranges in which -the captured nodes span, and applies these ranges to embedded -language parsers. -</p> -<p>If <var>query</var> is a function, it doesn’t need any <var>:keyword</var> and -<var>value</var> pair. It should be a function that takes 2 arguments, -<var>start</var> and <var>end</var>, and sets the ranges for parsers in the -current buffer in the region between <var>start</var> and <var>end</var>. It is -fine for this function to set ranges in a larger region that -encompasses the region between <var>start</var> and <var>end</var>. -</p></dd></dl> - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002drange_002dsettings"><span class="category">Variable: </span><span><strong>treesit-range-settings</strong><a href='#index-treesit_002drange_002dsettings' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This variable helps <code>treesit-update-ranges</code> in updating the -ranges for parsers in the buffer. It is a list of <var>setting</var>s -where the exact format of a <var>setting</var> is considered internal. You -should use <code>treesit-range-rules</code> to generate a value that this -variable can have. -</p> -</dd></dl> - - -<dl class="def"> -<dt id="index-treesit_002dlanguage_002dat_002dpoint_002dfunction"><span class="category">Variable: </span><span><strong>treesit-language-at-point-function</strong><a href='#index-treesit_002dlanguage_002dat_002dpoint_002dfunction' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt> -<dd><p>This variable’s value should be a function that takes a single -argument, <var>pos</var>, which is a buffer position, and returns the -language of the buffer text at <var>pos</var>. This variable is used by -<code>treesit-language-at</code>. -</p></dd></dl> - -</div> -<hr> -<div class="header"> -<p> -Next: <a href="Tree_002dsitter-major-modes.html">Developing major modes with tree-sitter</a>, Previous: <a href="Pattern-Matching.html">Pattern Matching Tree-sitter Nodes</a>, Up: <a href="Parsing-Program-Source.html">Parsing Program Source</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> -</div> - - - -</body> -</html> |