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+;;; tml-util.el --- support for composing tamil characters  -*-coding: iso-2022-7bit;-*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; Maintainer: KAWABATA, Taichi <kawabata@m17n.org>
+;; Keywords: multilingual, Indian, Tamil
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+;; any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+;; Created: Nov. 08. 2002
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; This file provides character(Unicode) to glyph(CDAC) conversion and
+;; composition of Tamil script characters.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+;; Tamil Composable Pattern
+;;    C .. Consonants
+;;    V .. Vowel
+;;    H .. Pulli
+;;    M .. Matra
+;;    V .. Vowel
+;;    A .. Anuswar
+;;    D .. Chandrabindu
+;; 1. vowel
+;;  V
+;; 2. syllable : only ligature-formed pattern forms composition.
+;;  (CkHCs|C)(H|M)?
+;; 3. sri special
+;;  (CsHCrVi)
+
+;;  oririnal
+;;  ((CH)?(CH)?(CH)?CH)?C(H|M?(A|D)?)?
+
+(defconst tamil-consonant
+  "[$,1<5(B-$,1<Y(B]")
+
+(defconst tamil-composable-pattern
+  (concat
+   "\\([$,1<%(B-$,1<4(B]\\)\\|"
+   "[$,1<"<#(B]\\|" ;; vowel modifier considered independent
+   "\\(\\(?:\\(?:$,1<5<m<W(B\\)\\|[$,1<5(B-$,1<Y(B]\\)[$,1<m<^(B-$,1<l(B]?\\)\\|"
+   "\\($,1<W<m<P<`(B\\)")
+  "Regexp matching a composable sequence of Tamil characters.")
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun tamil-compose-region (from to)
+  (interactive "r")
+  (save-excursion
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region from to)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward tamil-composable-pattern nil t)
+	(tamil-compose-syllable-region (match-beginning 0)
+					    (match-end 0))))))
+(defun tamil-compose-string (string)
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (insert (decompose-string string))
+    (tamil-compose-region (point-min) (point-max))
+    (buffer-string)))
+
+(defun tamil-post-read-conversion (len)
+  (save-excursion
+    (save-restriction
+      (let ((buffer-modified-p (buffer-modified-p)))
+	(narrow-to-region (point) (+ (point) len))
+	(tamil-compose-region (point-min) (point-max))
+	(set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified-p)
+	(- (point-max) (point-min))))))
+
+(defun tamil-range (from to)
+  "Make the list of the integers of range FROM to TO."
+  (let (result)
+    (while (<= from to) (setq result (cons to result) to (1- to))) result))
+
+(defun tamil-regexp-of-hashtbl-keys (hashtbl)
+  "Return a regular expression that matches all keys in hashtable HASHTBL."
+  (let ((max-specpdl-size 1000))
+    (regexp-opt
+     (sort
+      (let (dummy)
+	(maphash (function (lambda (key val) (setq dummy (cons key dummy)))) hashtbl)
+	dummy)
+      (function (lambda (x y) (> (length x) (length y))))))))
+
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun tamil-composition-function (from to pattern  &optional string)
+  "Compose Tamil characters in REGION, or STRING if specified.
+Assume that the REGION or STRING must fully match the composable 
+PATTERN regexp."
+  (if string (tamil-compose-syllable-string string)
+    (tamil-compose-syllable-region from to))
+  (- to from))
+
+;; Register a function to compose Tamil characters.
+(mapc
+ (function (lambda (ucs)
+   (aset composition-function-table (decode-char 'ucs ucs)
+	 (list (cons tamil-composable-pattern
+                     'tamil-composition-function)))))
+ (nconc '(#x0b82 #x0b83) (tamil-range #x0b85 #x0bb9)))
+
+;; Notes on conversion steps.
+
+;; 1. chars to glyphs
+;; Simple replacement of characters to glyphs is done.
+
+;; 2. glyphs reordering.
+;; following "$,4)j(B", "$,4)k(B", "$,4)l(B" goes to the front.
+
+;; 3. glyphs to glyphs
+;; reordered vowels are ligatured to consonants.
+
+;; 4. Composition.
+;; left modifiers will be attached at the left.
+;; others will be attached right.
+
+(defvar tml-char-glyph
+  '(;; various signs
+    ;;("$,1<"(B" . "")
+    ("$,1<#(B" . "$,4*G(B")
+    ;; Independent Vowels
+    ("$,1<%(B" . "$,4*<(B")
+    ("$,1<&(B" . "$,4*=(B")
+    ("$,1<'(B" . "$,4*>(B")
+    ("$,1<((B" . "$,4*?(B")
+    ("$,1<)(B" . "$,4*@(B")
+    ("$,1<*(B" . "$,4*A(B")
+    ("$,1<.(B" . "$,4*B(B")
+    ("$,1</(B" . "$,4*C(B")
+    ("$,1<0(B" . "$,4*D(B")
+    ("$,1<2(B" . "$,4*E(B")
+    ("$,1<3(B" . "$,4*F(B")
+    ("$,1<4(B" . "$,4*E*W(B")
+    ;; Consonants
+    ("$,1<5<m<W<m(B" . "$,4):(B")	; ks.
+    ("$,1<5<m<W(B" . "$,4*^(B")	; ks
+    ("$,1<5(B" . "$,4*H(B")
+
+    ("$,1<9(B" . "$,4*I(B")
+    ("$,1<:(B" . "$,4*J(B")
+    ("$,1<<(B" . "$,4*\(B")
+    ("$,1<<<m(B" . "$,4)8(B")
+    ("$,1<>(B" . "$,4*K(B")
+    ("$,1<?(B" . "$,4*L(B")
+    ("$,1<C(B" . "$,4*M(B")
+    ("$,1<D(B" . "$,4*N(B")
+    ("$,1<H(B" . "$,4*O(B")
+    ("$,1<I(B" . "$,4*Y(B")
+    ("$,1<I<m(B" . "$,4)a(B")
+    ("$,1<J(B" . "$,4*P(B")
+    ("$,1<N(B" . "$,4*Q(B")
+    ("$,1<O(B" . "$,4*R(B")
+    ("$,1<P(B" . "$,4*S(B")
+    ("$,1<Q(B" . "$,4*X(B")
+    ("$,1<R(B" . "$,4*T(B")
+    ("$,1<S(B" . "$,4*W(B")
+    ("$,1<T(B" . "$,4*V(B")
+    ("$,1<U(B" . "$,4*U(B")
+    ("$,1<W(B" . "$,4*[(B")
+    ("$,1<W<m(B" . "$,4)7(B")
+    ("$,1<W<m<P<`(B" . "$,4*_(B")
+    ("$,1<X(B" . "$,4*Z(B")
+    ("$,1<X<m(B" . "$,4)6(B")
+    ("$,1<Y(B" . "$,4*](B")
+    ("$,1<Y<m(B" . "$,4)9(B")
+
+    ;; Dependent vowel signs
+    ("$,1<^(B" . "$,4)c(B")
+    ("$,1<_(B" . "$,4)d(B")
+    ("$,1<`(B" . "$,4)f(B")
+    ("$,1<a(B" . "$,4)g(B")
+    ("$,1<b(B" . "$,4)h(B")
+    ("$,1<f(B" . "$,4)j(B")
+    ("$,1<g(B" . "$,4)k(B")
+    ("$,1<h(B" . "$,4)l(B")
+    ("$,1<j(B" . "$,4)j)c(B")
+    ("$,1<k(B" . "$,4)k)c(B")
+    ("$,1<l(B" . "$,4)j*W(B")
+
+    ;; Various signs
+    ("$,1<m(B" . "$,4)b(B")
+    ("$,1<w(B" . "nil") ;; not supported?
+    ))
+
+(defvar tml-char-glyph-hash
+  (let* ((hash (make-hash-table :test 'equal)))
+    (mapc (function (lambda (x) (puthash (car x) (cdr x) hash)))
+	  tml-char-glyph)
+    hash))
+
+(defvar tml-char-glyph-regexp
+  (tamil-regexp-of-hashtbl-keys tml-char-glyph-hash))
+
+;; Tamil languages needed to be reordered.
+
+(defvar tml-consonants-regexp
+  "[$,4*H*^*I*J*\*K*L*M*N*O*Y*P*Q*R*S*X*T*W*V*U*[*Z*](B]")
+
+(defvar tml-glyph-reorder-key-glyphs "[$,4)j)k)l(B]")
+
+(defvar tml-glyph-reordering-regexp-list
+  (cons
+   (concat "\\(" tml-consonants-regexp "\\)\\([$,4)j)k)l(B]\\)") "\\2\\1"))
+
+;; Tamil vowel modifiers to be ligatured.
+(defvar tml-glyph-glyph
+  '(
+    ("$,4*H)d(B" . "$,4(a(B")	; ki
+    ("$,4*^)d(B" . "$,4(v(B")	; ksi
+    ("$,4*^)f(B" . "$,4)2(B")	; ksi~
+    ("$,4*I)d(B" . "$,4(b(B")	; n^i
+    ("$,4*J)d(B" . "$,4(c(B")	; ci
+    ("$,4*K)d(B" . "$,4(d(B")	; n~i
+    ("$,4*L)d(B" . "$,4)n(B")	; t.i
+    ("$,4*M)d(B" . "$,4(e(B")	; n.i
+    ("$,4*N)d(B" . "$,4(f(B")	; ti
+    ("$,4*O)d(B" . "$,4(g(B")	; ni
+    ("$,4*P)d(B" . "$,4(h(B")	; pi
+    ("$,4*Q)d(B" . "$,4(i(B")	; mi
+    ("$,4*R)d(B" . "$,4(j(B")	; yi
+    ("$,4*S)d(B" . "$,4(k(B")	; ri
+    ("$,4*T)d(B" . "$,4(l(B")	; li
+    ("$,4*U)d(B" . "$,4(m(B")	; vi
+    ("$,4*V)d(B" . "$,4(n(B")	; l_i
+    ("$,4*W)d(B" . "$,4(o(B")	; l.i
+    ("$,4*X)d(B" . "$,4(p(B")	; r_i
+    ("$,4*Y)d(B" . "$,4(q(B")	; n_i
+    ("$,4*Z)d(B" . "$,4(r(B")	; si
+    ("$,4*[)d(B" . "$,4(s(B")	; s'i
+    ("$,4*\)d(B" . "$,4(t(B")	; ji
+    ("$,4*])d(B" . "$,4(u(B")	; hi
+
+    ("$,4*H)f(B" . "$,4(w(B")	; ki~
+    ("$,4*I)f(B" . "$,4(x(B")	; n^i~
+    ("$,4*J)f(B" . "$,4(y(B")	; ci~
+    ("$,4*K)f(B" . "$,4(z(B")	; n~i~
+    ("$,4*L)f(B" . "$,4)o(B")	; t.i~
+    ("$,4*M)f(B" . "$,4)!(B")	; n.i~
+    ("$,4*N)f(B" . "$,4)"(B")	; ti~
+    ("$,4*O)f(B" . "$,4)#(B")	; ni~
+    ("$,4*P)f(B" . "$,4)$(B")	; pi~
+    ("$,4*Q)f(B" . "$,4)%(B")	; mi~
+    ("$,4*R)f(B" . "$,4)&(B")	; yi~
+    ("$,4*S)f(B" . "$,4)'(B")	; ri~
+    ("$,4*T)f(B" . "$,4)((B")	; li~
+    ("$,4*U)f(B" . "$,4))(B")	; vi~
+    ("$,4*V)f(B" . "$,4)*(B")	; l_i~
+    ("$,4*W)f(B" . "$,4)+(B")	; l.i~
+    ("$,4*X)f(B" . "$,4),(B")	; r_i~
+    ("$,4*Y)f(B" . "$,4)-(B")	; n_i~
+    ("$,4*Z)f(B" . "$,4).(B")	; si~
+    ("$,4*[)f(B" . "$,4)/(B")	; s'i~
+    ("$,4*\)f(B" . "$,4)0(B")	; ji~
+    ("$,4*])f(B" . "$,4)1(B")	; hi~
+
+    ("$,4*H)g(B" . "$,4)p(B")	; ku
+    ("$,4*I)g(B" . "$,4)q(B")	; n^u
+    ("$,4*J)g(B" . "$,4)r(B")	; cu
+    ("$,4*K)g(B" . "$,4)s(B")	; n~u
+    ("$,4*L)g(B" . "$,4)t(B")	; t.u
+    ("$,4*M)g(B" . "$,4)u(B")	; n.u
+    ("$,4*N)g(B" . "$,4)v(B")	; tu
+    ("$,4*O)g(B" . "$,4)x(B")	; nu
+    ("$,4*P)g(B" . "$,4)y(B")	; pu
+    ("$,4*Q)g(B" . "$,4)z(B")	; mu
+    ("$,4*R)g(B" . "$,4){(B")	; yu
+    ("$,4*S)g(B" . "$,4)|(B")	; ru
+    ("$,4*T)g(B" . "$,4)}(B")	; lu
+    ("$,4*U)g(B" . "$,4)~(B")	; vu
+    ("$,4*V)g(B" . "$,4)(B")	; l_u
+    ("$,4*W)g(B" . "$,4* (B")	; l.u
+    ("$,4*X)g(B" . "$,4*!(B")	; r_u
+    ("$,4*Y)g(B" . "$,4*"(B")	; n_u
+
+    ("$,4*H)h(B" . "$,4*#(B")	; ku~
+    ("$,4*I)h(B" . "$,4*$(B")	; n^u~
+    ("$,4*J)h(B" . "$,4*%(B")	; cu~
+    ("$,4*K)h(B" . "$,4*&(B")	; n~u~
+    ("$,4*L)h(B" . "$,4*'(B")	; t.u~
+    ("$,4*M)h(B" . "$,4*((B")	; n.u~
+    ("$,4*N)h(B" . "$,4*)(B")	; tu~
+    ("$,4*O)h(B" . "$,4*+(B")	; nu~
+    ("$,4*P)h(B" . "$,4*,(B")	; pu~
+    ("$,4*Q)h(B" . "$,4*-(B")	; mu~
+    ("$,4*R)h(B" . "$,4*.(B")	; yu~
+    ("$,4*S)h(B" . "$,4*/(B")	; ru~
+    ("$,4*T)h(B" . "$,4*6(B")	; lu~
+    ("$,4*U)h(B" . "$,4*7(B")	; vu~
+    ("$,4*V)h(B" . "$,4*8(B")	; l_u~
+    ("$,4*W)h(B" . "$,4*9(B")	; l.u~
+    ("$,4*X)h(B" . "$,4*:(B")	; r_u~
+    ("$,4*Y)h(B" . "$,4*;(B")	; n_u~
+    ))
+
+(defvar tml-glyph-glyph-hash
+  (let* ((hash (make-hash-table :test 'equal)))
+    (mapc (function (lambda (x) (puthash (car x) (cdr x) hash)))
+	  tml-glyph-glyph)
+    hash))
+
+(defvar tml-glyph-glyph-regexp
+  (tamil-regexp-of-hashtbl-keys tml-glyph-glyph-hash))
+
+(defun tamil-compose-syllable-string (string)
+  (with-temp-buffer
+    (insert (decompose-string string))
+    (tamil-compose-syllable-region (point-min) (point-max))
+    (buffer-string)))
+
+(defun tamil-compose-syllable-region (from to)
+  "Compose tamil syllable in region FROM to TO."
+  (let (glyph-str match-str glyph-reorder-regexps)
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region from to)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        ;; char-glyph-conversion
+        (while (re-search-forward tml-char-glyph-regexp nil t)
+          (setq match-str (match-string 0))
+          (setq glyph-str
+                (concat glyph-str (gethash match-str tml-char-glyph-hash))))
+        ;; glyph reordering
+        (when (string-match tml-glyph-reorder-key-glyphs glyph-str)
+          (if (string-match (car tml-glyph-reordering-regexp-list)
+                            glyph-str)
+              (setq glyph-str
+                    (replace-match (cdr tml-glyph-reordering-regexp-list)
+                                   nil nil glyph-str))))
+        ;; glyph-glyph-conversion
+        (when (string-match tml-glyph-glyph-regexp glyph-str)
+          (setq match-str (match-string 0 glyph-str))
+          (setq glyph-str 
+                (replace-match (gethash match-str tml-glyph-glyph-hash)
+                               nil nil glyph-str)))
+        ;; concatenate and attach reference-points.
+        (setq glyph-str
+              (cdr
+               (apply
+                'nconc
+                (mapcar
+                 (function 
+                  (lambda (x) (list '(5 . 3) x))) ;; default ref. point.
+                 glyph-str))))
+        (compose-region from to glyph-str)))))
+
+(provide 'tml-util)
+
+;;; tml-util.el ends here