diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'etc/NEWS.18')
| -rw-r--r-- | etc/NEWS.18 | 512 |
1 files changed, 257 insertions, 255 deletions
diff --git a/etc/NEWS.18 b/etc/NEWS.18 index 78d63e5db71..a90d0bd0ea6 100644 --- a/etc/NEWS.18 +++ b/etc/NEWS.18 @@ -29,18 +29,18 @@ run, Emacs now tries the entire terminal type first. If that doesn't yield a file that exists, the last hyphen and what follows it is stripped. If that doesn't yield a file that exists, the previous hyphen is stripped, and so on until all hyphens are gone. For -example, if the terminal type is `aaa-48-foo', Emacs will try first +example, if the terminal type is 'aaa-48-foo', Emacs will try first `term/aaa-48-foo.el', then `term/aaa-48.el' and finally `term/aaa.el'. Underscores now receive the same treatment as hyphens. -** Texinfo features: @defun, etc. texinfo-show-structure. -New template commands. texinfo-format-region. +** Texinfo features: @defun, etc. 'texinfo-show-structure'. +New template commands. 'texinfo-format-region'. -** The special "local variable" `eval' is now ignored if you are running +** The special "local variable" 'eval' is now ignored if you are running as root. -** New command `c-macro-expand' shows the result of C macro expansion +** New command 'c-macro-expand' shows the result of C macro expansion in the region. It works using the C preprocessor, so its results are completely accurate. @@ -50,21 +50,21 @@ are completely accurate. ** New hooks. -*** `spell-region' now allows you to filter the text before spelling-checking. -If the value of `spell-filter' is non-nil, it is called, with no arguments, +*** 'spell-region' now allows you to filter the text before spelling-checking. +If the value of 'spell-filter' is non-nil, it is called, with no arguments, looking at a temporary buffer containing a copy of the text to be checked. It can alter the text freely before the spell program sees it. -*** The variable `lpr-command' now specifies the command to be used when +*** The variable 'lpr-command' now specifies the command to be used when you use the commands to print text (such as M-x print-buffer). -*** Posting netnews now calls the value of `news-inews-hook' (if not nil) +*** Posting netnews now calls the value of 'news-inews-hook' (if not nil) as a function of no arguments before the actual posting. -*** Rmail now calls the value of `rmail-show-message-hook' (if not nil) +*** Rmail now calls the value of 'rmail-show-message-hook' (if not nil) as a function of no arguments, each time a new message is selected. -*** `kill-emacs' calls the value of `kill-emacs-hook' as a function of no args. +*** 'kill-emacs' calls the value of 'kill-emacs-hook' as a function of no args. ** New libraries. See the source code of each library for more information. @@ -100,20 +100,20 @@ comes from a directory of files created by you. ** New programming features. -*** The variable `window-system-version' now contains the version number +*** The variable 'window-system-version' now contains the version number of the window system you are using (if appropriate). When using X windows, its value is either 10 or 11. *** (interactive "N") uses the prefix argument if any; otherwise, it reads a number using the minibuffer. -*** VMS: there are two new functions `vms-system-info' and `shrink-to-icon'. +*** VMS: there are two new functions 'vms-system-info' and 'shrink-to-icon'. The former allows you to get many kinds of system status information. See its self-documentation for full details. The second is used with the window system: it iconifies the Emacs window. -*** VMS: the new function `define-logical-name' allows you to create -job-wide logical names. The old function `define-dcl-symbol' has been +*** VMS: the new function 'define-logical-name' allows you to create +job-wide logical names. The old function 'define-dcl-symbol' has been removed. @@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ code is displayed in another window with an arrow added to the line where the program is executing. Special GDB-mode commands include M-s, M-n, M-i, M-u, M-d, and C-c C-f -which send the GDB commands `step', `next', `stepi', `up', `down' -and `finish'. +which send the GDB commands 'step', 'next', 'stepi', 'up', 'down' +and 'finish'. In any source file, the commands C-x SPC tells GDB to set a breakpoint on the current line. @@ -146,28 +146,28 @@ on the current line. This is a way you can explicitly request not to make a backup. -** `term-setup-hook' is for users only. +** 'term-setup-hook' is for users only. Emacs never uses this variable for internal purposes, so you can freely set it in your `.emacs' file to make Emacs do something special after loading any terminal-specific setup file from `lisp/term'. -** `copy-keymap' now copies recursive submaps. +** 'copy-keymap' now copies recursive submaps. ** New overlay-arrow feature. -If you set the variable `overlay-arrow-string' to a string -and `overlay-arrow-position' to a marker, that string is displayed on +If you set the variable 'overlay-arrow-string' to a string +and 'overlay-arrow-position' to a marker, that string is displayed on the screen at the position of that marker, hiding whatever text would have appeared there. If that position isn't on the screen, or if the buffer the marker points into isn't displayed, there is no effect. ** -batch mode can read from the terminal. -It now works to use `read-char' to do terminal input in a noninteractive +It now works to use 'read-char' to do terminal input in a noninteractive Emacs run. End of file causes Emacs to exit. -** Variables `data-bytes-used' and `data-bytes-free' removed. +** Variables 'data-bytes-used' and 'data-bytes-free' removed. These variables cannot really work because the 24-bit range of an integer in (most ports of) GNU Emacs is not large enough to hold their @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ values on many systems. * Changes in Emacs 18.45, since version 18.41. -** C indentation parameter `c-continued-brace-offset'. +** C indentation parameter 'c-continued-brace-offset'. This parameter's value is added to the indentation of any line that is in a continuation context and starts with an open-brace. @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ abbreviation, if the expansion found is all lower case except perhaps for its first letter, then the case pattern of the abbreviation is carried over to the expansion that replaces it. -** TeX-mode syntax. +** 'TeX-mode' syntax. \ is no longer given "escape character" syntax in TeX mode. It now has the syntax of an ordinary punctuation character. As a result, @@ -203,13 +203,13 @@ has the syntax of an ordinary punctuation character. As a result, ** Mail-mode automatic Reply-To field. -If the variable `mail-default-reply-to' is non-`nil', then each time +If the variable 'mail-default-reply-to' is non-'nil', then each time you start to compose a message, a Reply-To field is inserted with -its contents taken from the value of `mail-default-reply-to'. +its contents taken from the value of 'mail-default-reply-to'. ** Where is your .emacs file? -If you run Emacs under `su', so your real and effective uids are +If you run Emacs under 'su', so your real and effective uids are different, Emacs uses the home directory associated with the real uid (the name you actually logged in under) to find the .emacs file. @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ case. You can use either upper or lower case indiscriminately. ** VMS-only function 'define-dcl-symbol'. This is a new name for the function formerly called -`define-logical-name'. +'define-logical-name'. @@ -288,26 +288,26 @@ normally print such a message. *** Cursor appears in last line during y-or-n questions. -Questions that want a `y' or `n' answer now move the cursor +Questions that want a 'y' or 'n' answer now move the cursor to the last line, following the question. ** Library loading changes. -`load' now considers all possible suffixes (`.elc', `.el' and none) -for each directory in `load-path' before going on to the next directory. +'load' now considers all possible suffixes (`.elc', `.el' and none) +for each directory in 'load-path' before going on to the next directory. It now accepts an optional fourth argument which, if non-nil, says to use no suffixes; then the file name must be given in full. The search -of the directories in `load-path' goes on as usual in this case, but +of the directories in 'load-path' goes on as usual in this case, but it too can be prevented by passing an absolute file name. -The value of `load-path' no longer by default includes nil (meaning to -look in the current default directory). The idea is that `load' should +The value of 'load-path' no longer by default includes nil (meaning to +look in the current default directory). The idea is that 'load' should be used to search the path only for libraries to be found in the standard places. If you want to override system libraries with your own, place your own libraries in one special directory and add that directory to the -front of `load-path'. +front of 'load-path'. -The function `load' is no longer a command; that is to say, `M-x load' +The function 'load' is no longer a command; that is to say, `M-x load' is no longer allowed. Instead, there are two commands for loading files. `M-x load-library' is equivalent to the old meaning of `M-x load'. `M-x load-file' reads a file name with completion and defaulting @@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ and then loads exactly that file, with no searching and no suffixes. ** Emulation of other editors. -*** `edt-emulation-on' starts emulating DEC's EDT editor. +*** 'edt-emulation-on' starts emulating DEC's EDT editor. -Do `edt-emulation-off' to return Emacs to normal. +Do 'edt-emulation-off' to return Emacs to normal. -*** `vi-mode' and `vip-mode' starts emulating vi. +*** 'vi-mode' and 'vip-mode' starts emulating vi. These are two different vi emulations provided by GNU Emacs users. We are interested in feedback as to which emulation is preferable. @@ -327,18 +327,18 @@ We are interested in feedback as to which emulation is preferable. See the documentation and source code for these functions for more information. -*** `set-gosmacs-bindings' emulates Gosling Emacs. +*** 'set-gosmacs-bindings' emulates Gosling Emacs. This command changes many global bindings to resemble those of Gosling Emacs. The previous bindings are saved and can be restored using -`set-gnu-bindings'. +'set-gnu-bindings'. ** Emulation of a display terminal. Within Emacs it is now possible to run programs (such as emacs or supdup) which expect to do output to a visual display terminal. -See the function `terminal-emulator' for more information. +See the function 'terminal-emulator' for more information. ** New support for keypads and function keys. @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ assigned to the standard key-names. One other change in terminal-specific files: if the value of the TERM variable contains a hyphen, only the part before the first hyphen is used in forming the name of the terminal-specific file. Thus, for -terminal type `aaa-48', the file loaded is now `term/aaa.el' rather +terminal type 'aaa-48', the file loaded is now `term/aaa.el' rather than `term/aaa-48.el'. ** New startup command line options. @@ -375,53 +375,54 @@ than `term/aaa-48.el'. insert the contents of FILE into the current buffer at that point in command line processing. This is like using the command M-x insert-file. -`-funcall', `-load', `-user' and `-no-init-file' are new synonyms for -`-f', `-l', `-u' and `-q'. +'-funcall', '-load', '-user' and '-no-init-file' are new synonyms for +'-f', '-l', '-u' and '-q'. -`-nw' means don't use a window system. If you are using a terminal +'-nw' means don't use a window system. If you are using a terminal emulator on the X window system and you want to run Emacs to work through the terminal emulator instead of working directly with the window system, use this switch. ** Buffer-sorting commands. -Various M-x commands whose names start with `sort-' sort parts of +Various M-x commands whose names start with 'sort-' sort parts of the region: -sort-lines divides the region into lines and sorts them alphabetically. -sort-pages divides into pages and sorts them alphabetically. -sort-paragraphs divides into paragraphs and sorts them alphabetically. -sort-fields divides into lines and sorts them alphabetically +'sort-lines' divides the region into lines and sorts them alphabetically. +'sort-pages' divides into pages and sorts them alphabetically. +'sort-paragraphs' + divides into paragraphs and sorts them alphabetically. +'sort-fields' divides into lines and sorts them alphabetically according to one field in the line. The numeric argument specifies which field (counting from field 1 at the beginning of the line). Fields in a line are separated by whitespace. -sort-numeric-fields +'sort-numeric-fields' is similar but converts the specified fields to numbers and sorts them numerically. -sort-columns divides into lines and sorts them according to the contents +'sort-columns' divides into lines and sorts them according to the contents of a specified range of columns. Refer to the self-documentation of these commands for full usage information. ** Changes in various commands. -*** `tags-query-replace' and `tags-search' change. +*** 'tags-query-replace' and 'tags-search' change. These functions now display the name of the file being searched at the moment. -*** `occur' output now serves as a menu. `occur-menu' command deleted. +*** 'occur' output now serves as a menu. 'occur-menu' command deleted. `M-x occur' now allows you to move quickly to any of the occurrences -listed. Select the `*Occur*' buffer that contains the output of `occur', +listed. Select the `*Occur*' buffer that contains the output of 'occur', move point to the occurrence you want, and type C-c C-c. This will move point to the same occurrence in the buffer that the occurrences were found in. -The command `occur-menu' is thus obsolete, and has been deleted. +The command 'occur-menu' is thus obsolete, and has been deleted. One way to get a list of matching lines without line numbers is to -copy the text to another buffer and use the command `keep-lines'. +copy the text to another buffer and use the command 'keep-lines'. *** Incremental search changes. @@ -441,20 +442,20 @@ incremental regexp search with C-M-s C-r. If you add a `*', `?' or `\|' to an incremental search regexp, point will back up if that is appropriate. For example, if -you have searched for `ab' and add a `*', point moves to the -first match for `ab*', which may be before the match for `ab' +you have searched for 'ab' and add a `*', point moves to the +first match for `ab*', which may be before the match for 'ab' that was previously found. If an incremental search is failing and you ask to repeat it, it will start again from the beginning of the buffer (or the end, if it is a backward search). -The search-controlling parameters `isearch-slow-speed' and -`isearch-slow-window-lines' have now been renamed to start with -`search' instead of `isearch'. Now all the parameters' names start -with `search'. +The search-controlling parameters 'isearch-slow-speed' and +'isearch-slow-window-lines' have now been renamed to start with +'search' instead of 'isearch'. Now all the parameters' names start +with 'search'. -If `search-slow-window-lines' is negative, the slow search window +If 'search-slow-window-lines' is negative, the slow search window is put at the top of the screen, and the absolute value or the negative number specifies the height of it. @@ -490,9 +491,9 @@ by searching the buffer for words that start with the abbreviation. *** Changes in saving kbd macros. -The commands `write-kbd-macro' and `append-kbd-macro' have been +The commands 'write-kbd-macro' and 'append-kbd-macro' have been deleted. The way to save a keyboard macro is to use the new command -`insert-kbd-macro', which inserts Lisp code to define the macro as +'insert-kbd-macro', which inserts Lisp code to define the macro as it is currently defined into the buffer before point. Visit a Lisp file such as your Emacs init file `~/.emacs', insert the macro definition (perhaps deleting an old definition for the same macro) @@ -507,14 +508,14 @@ an abbrev, even if abbrev-mode is not turned on. The command C-M-x in Lisp mode, which sends the current defun to an inferior Lisp process, now works by writing the text into a temporary -file and actually sending only a `load'-form to load the file. +file and actually sending only a 'load'-form to load the file. As a result, it avoids the Unix bugs that used to strike when the text was above a certain length. With a prefix argument, this command now makes the inferior Lisp buffer appear on the screen and scrolls it so that the bottom is showing. -Two variables `inferior-lisp-load-command' and `inferior-lisp-prompt', +Two variables 'inferior-lisp-load-command' and 'inferior-lisp-prompt', exist to customize these feature for different Lisp implementations. *** C-x p now disabled. @@ -552,7 +553,7 @@ When you change the visited file name of a buffer, the auto save file is now renamed to belong to the new visited file name. You can customize the way auto save file names are made by redefining -the two functions `make-auto-save-file-name' and `auto-save-file-name-p', +the two functions 'make-auto-save-file-name' and 'auto-save-file-name-p', both of which are defined in `files.el'. *** Modifying a buffer whose file is changed on disk is detected instantly. @@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change the buffer. Emacs can now know about buffers that it should offer to save on exit even though they are not visiting files. This is done for any buffer -which has a non-nil local value of `buffer-offer-save'. By default, +which has a non-nil local value of 'buffer-offer-save'. By default, Mail mode provides such a local value. *** Backup file changes. @@ -592,9 +593,9 @@ give the user name and password for use on that host. FTP is reinvoked each time you ask to use it, but previously specified user names and passwords are remembered automatically. -*** Dired `g' command. +*** Dired 'g' command. -`g' in Dired mode is equivalent to M-x revert-buffer; it causes the +'g' in Dired mode is equivalent to M-x revert-buffer; it causes the current contents of the same directory to be read in. ** Changes in major modes. @@ -608,11 +609,11 @@ afterward. The old definition did one additional thing: it reindented the line before the new newline. This has been removed because it made the command twice as slow. The only time it was really useful was after the -insertion of an `else', since the fact of starting with `else' may change +insertion of an 'else', since the fact of starting with 'else' may change the way that line is indented. Now you will have to type TAB again -yourself to reindent the `else' properly. +yourself to reindent the 'else' properly. -If the variable `c-tab-always-indent' is set to `nil', the TAB command +If the variable 'c-tab-always-indent' is set to 'nil', the TAB command in C mode, with no argument, will just insert a tab character if there is non-whitespace preceding point on the current line. Giving it a prefix argument will force reindentation of the line (as well as @@ -622,7 +623,7 @@ of the compound statement that begins after point, if any). This mode provides commands for motion and indentation of Fortran code, plus built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords. For details, see the manual -or the on-line documentation of the command `fortran-mode'. +or the on-line documentation of the command 'fortran-mode'. *** Scribe mode now exists. @@ -641,7 +642,7 @@ Most of them are the same as in Shell mode. *** Picture mode changes. -The special picture-mode commands to specify the direction of cursor +The special 'picture-mode' commands to specify the direction of cursor motion after insertion have been moved to C-c keys. The commands to specify diagonal motion were already C-c keys; they are unchanged. The keys to specify horizontal or vertical motion are now @@ -659,7 +660,7 @@ LaTeX mode now exists. Use M-x latex-mode to select this mode, and M-x plain-tex-mode to select the previously existing mode for Plain TeX. M-x tex-mode attempts to examine the contents of the buffer and choose between latex-mode and plain-tex-mode accordingly; if the -buffer is empty or it cannot tell, the variable `TeX-default-mode' +buffer is empty or it cannot tell, the variable 'TeX-default-mode' controls the choice. Its value should be the symbol for the mode to be used. @@ -693,7 +694,7 @@ C-c C-f Move to next visible heading at the same level. C-c C-b Move to previous visible heading at the same level. C-c C-u Move up to previous visible heading at a higher level. -The variable `outline-regexp' now controls recognition of heading lines. +The variable 'outline-regexp' now controls recognition of heading lines. Any line whose beginning matches this regexp is a heading line. The depth in outline structure is determined by the length of the string that matches. @@ -729,7 +730,7 @@ Thus, C-c LETTER is always unassigned. *** Rmail C-r command changed to w. -The Rmail command to edit the current message is now `w'. This change +The Rmail command to edit the current message is now 'w'. This change has been made because people frequently type C-r while in Rmail hoping to do a reverse incremental search. That now works. @@ -742,7 +743,7 @@ decryption of the body of a news message. It defaults to the USENET standard of 13, and accepts any numeric arg between 1 to 25 and -25 to -1. The function is bound to C-c C-r in both news-mode and news-reply-mode. -*** rmail-output command added. +*** 'rmail-output' command added. The C-o command has been bound to rmail-output in news-mode. This allows one to append an article to a file which is in either Unix @@ -785,7 +786,7 @@ either you are using a window system and give Emacs a separate window or you run the other programs as inferiors of Emacs (such as, using M-x shell). -First prepare the existing Emacs process by loading the `server' +First prepare the existing Emacs process by loading the 'server' library and executing M-x server-start. (Your .emacs can do this automatically.) @@ -820,24 +821,24 @@ Emacs will no longer load a file named `.emacs.el' or `emacs.elc' in place of `.emacs'. This is so that it will take less time to find `.emacs'. If you want to compile your init file, give it another name and make `.emacs' a link to the `.elc' file, or make it contain -a call to `load' to load the `.elc' file. +a call to 'load' to load the `.elc' file. -*** `default-profile' renamed to `default', and loaded after `.emacs'. +*** 'default-profile' renamed to 'default', and loaded after `.emacs'. -It used to be the case that the file `default-profile' was loaded if +It used to be the case that the file 'default-profile' was loaded if and only if `.emacs' was not found. -Now the name `default-profile' is not used at all. Instead, a library -named `default' is loaded after the `.emacs' file. `default' is loaded -whether the `.emacs' file exists or not. However, loading of `default' -can be prevented if the `.emacs' file sets `inhibit-default-init' to non-nil. +Now the name 'default-profile' is not used at all. Instead, a library +named 'default' is loaded after the `.emacs' file. 'default' is loaded +whether the `.emacs' file exists or not. However, loading of 'default' +can be prevented if the `.emacs' file sets 'inhibit-default-init' to non-nil. In fact, you would call the default file `default.el' and probably would -byte-compile it to speed execution. +'byte-compile' it to speed execution. -Note that for most purposes you are better off using a `site-init' library +Note that for most purposes you are better off using a 'site-init' library since that will be loaded before the runnable Emacs is dumped. By using -a `site-init' library, you avoid taking up time each time Emacs is started. +a 'site-init' library, you avoid taking up time each time Emacs is started. *** inhibit-command-line has been eliminated. @@ -845,79 +846,79 @@ This variable used to exist for .emacs files to set. It has been eliminated because you can get the same effect by setting command-line-args to nil and setting inhibit-startup-message to t. -** `apply' is more general. +** 'apply' is more general. -`apply' now accepts any number of arguments. The first one is a function; +'apply' now accepts any number of arguments. The first one is a function; the rest are individual arguments to pass to that function, except for the last, which is a list of arguments to pass. -Previously, `apply' required exactly two arguments. Its old behavior +Previously, 'apply' required exactly two arguments. Its old behavior follows as a special case of the new definition. -** New code-letter for `interactive'. +** New code-letter for 'interactive'. (interactive "NFoo: ") is like (interactive "nFoo: ") in reading a number using the minibuffer to serve as the argument; however, if a prefix argument was specified, it uses the prefix argument value as the argument, and does not use the minibuffer at all. -This is used by the `goto-line' and `goto-char' commands. +This is used by the 'goto-line' and 'goto-char' commands. ** Semantics of variables. *** Built-in per-buffer variables improved. Several built-in variables which in the past had a different value in -each buffer now behave exactly as if `make-variable-buffer-local' had +each buffer now behave exactly as if 'make-variable-buffer-local' had been done to them. -These variables are `tab-width', `ctl-arrow', `truncate-lines', -`fill-column', `left-margin', `mode-line-format', `abbrev-mode', -`overwrite-mode', `case-fold-search', `auto-fill-hook', -`selective-display', `selective-display-ellipses'. +These variables are 'tab-width', 'ctl-arrow', 'truncate-lines', +'fill-column', 'left-margin', 'mode-line-format', 'abbrev-mode', +'overwrite-mode', 'case-fold-search', 'auto-fill-hook', +'selective-display', 'selective-display-ellipses'. To be precise, each variable has a default value which shows through -in most buffers and can be accessed with `default-value' and set with -`set-default'. Setting the variable with `setq' makes the variable +in most buffers and can be accessed with 'default-value' and set with +'set-default'. Setting the variable with 'setq' makes the variable local to the current buffer. Changing the default value has retroactive effect on all buffers in which the variable is not local. -The variables `default-case-fold-search', etc., are now obsolete. +The variables 'default-case-fold-search', etc., are now obsolete. They now refer to the default value of the variable, which is not quite the same behavior as before, but it should enable old init files to continue to work. *** New per-buffer variables. -The variables `fill-prefix', `comment-column' and `indent-tabs-mode' -are now per-buffer. They work just like `fill-column', etc. +The variables 'fill-prefix', 'comment-column' and 'indent-tabs-mode' +are now per-buffer. They work just like 'fill-column', etc. -*** New function `setq-default'. +*** New function 'setq-default'. -`setq-default' sets the default value of a variable, and uses the -same syntax that `setq' accepts: the variable name is not evaluated +'setq-default' sets the default value of a variable, and uses the +same syntax that 'setq' accepts: the variable name is not evaluated and need not be quoted. `(setq-default case-fold-search nil)' would make searches case-sensitive -in all buffers that do not have local values for `case-fold-search'. +in all buffers that do not have local values for 'case-fold-search'. -*** Functions `global-set' and `global-value' deleted. +*** Functions 'global-set' and 'global-value' deleted. These functions were never used except by mistake by users expecting -the functionality of `set-default' and `default-value'. +the functionality of 'set-default' and 'default-value'. ** Changes in defaulting of major modes. -When `default-major-mode' is `nil', new buffers are supposed to +When 'default-major-mode' is 'nil', new buffers are supposed to get their major mode from the buffer that is current. However, certain major modes (such as Dired mode, Rmail mode, Rmail Summary mode, and others) are not reasonable to use in this way. -Now such modes' names have been given non-`nil' `mode-class' properties. +Now such modes' names have been given non-'nil' 'mode-class' properties. If the current buffer's mode has such a property, Fundamental mode is used as the default for newly created buffers. -** `where-is-internal' requires additional arguments. +** 'where-is-internal' requires additional arguments. This function now accepts three arguments, two of them required: DEFINITION, the definition to search for; LOCAL-KEYMAP, the keymap @@ -934,7 +935,7 @@ are required when previously only one argument was allowed. To get the old behavior of this function, write `(current-local-map)' as the expression for the second argument. -The incompatibility is sad, but `nil' is a legitimate value for the +The incompatibility is sad, but 'nil' is a legitimate value for the second argument (it means there is no local keymap), so it cannot also serve as a default meaning to use the current local keymap. @@ -945,9 +946,9 @@ usual replacement of the abbrev with the expansion before running the hook. Previously the abbrev itself was deleted but the expansion was not inserted. -** Function `scan-buffer' deleted. +** Function 'scan-buffer' deleted. -Use `search-forward' or `search-backward' in place of `scan-buffer'. +Use 'search-forward' or 'search-backward' in place of 'scan-buffer'. You will have to rearrange the arguments. ** X window interface improvements. @@ -959,7 +960,7 @@ for details. *** New pop-up menu facility. -The new function `x-popup-menu' pops up a menu (in a X window) +The new function 'x-popup-menu' pops up a menu (in a X window) and returns an indication of which selection the user made. For more information, see its self-documentation. @@ -969,7 +970,7 @@ This command prints the disassembly of a byte-compiled Emacs Lisp function. Would anyone like to interface this to the debugger? -** `insert-buffer-substring' can insert part of the current buffer. +** 'insert-buffer-substring' can insert part of the current buffer. The old restriction that the text being inserted had to come from a different buffer is now lifted. @@ -977,41 +978,42 @@ a different buffer is now lifted. When inserting text from the current buffer, the text to be inserted is determined from the specified bounds before any copying takes place. -** New function `substitute-key-definition'. +** New function 'substitute-key-definition'. This is a new way to replace one command with another command as the binding of whatever keys may happen to refer to it. -(substitute-key-definition OLDDEF NEWDEF KEYMAP) looks through KEYMAP -for keys defined to run OLDDEF, and rebinds those keys to run NEWDEF -instead. + (substitute-key-definition OLDDEF NEWDEF KEYMAP) -** New function `insert-char'. +looks through KEYMAP for keys defined to run OLDDEF, and rebinds those keys to +run NEWDEF instead. + +** New function 'insert-char'. Insert a specified character, a specified number of times. -** `mark-marker' changed. +** 'mark-marker' changed. When there is no mark, this now returns a marker that points -nowhere, rather than `nil'. +nowhere, rather than 'nil'. -** `ding' accepts argument. +** 'ding' accepts argument. -When given an argument, the function `ding' does not terminate -execution of a keyboard macro. Normally, `ding' does terminate +When given an argument, the function 'ding' does not terminate +execution of a keyboard macro. Normally, 'ding' does terminate all macros that are currently executing. -** New function `minibuffer-depth'. +** New function 'minibuffer-depth'. This function returns the current depth in minibuffer activations. The value is zero when the minibuffer is not in use. Values greater than one are possible if the user has entered the minibuffer recursively. -** New function `documentation-property'. +** New function 'documentation-property'. (documentation-property SYMBOL PROPNAME) is like (get SYMBOL PROPNAME), -except that if the property value is a number `documentation-property' +except that if the property value is a number 'documentation-property' will take that number (or its absolute value) as a character position in the DOC file and return the string found there. @@ -1032,8 +1034,8 @@ will expand into "ESC C-x evaluates the defun containing point." regardless of the current major mode, because ESC C-x is defined to -run `eval-defun' in the keymap `emacs-lisp-mode-map'. The effect is -to show the key for `eval-defun' in Emacs Lisp mode regardless of the +run 'eval-defun' in the keymap 'emacs-lisp-mode-map'. The effect is +to show the key for 'eval-defun' in Emacs Lisp mode regardless of the current major mode. The `\<...>' construct applies to all `\[...]' constructs that follow it, @@ -1047,50 +1049,50 @@ has been used or not. ** Multiple hooks allowed in certain contexts. -The old hook variables `find-file-hook', `find-file-not-found-hook' and -`write-file-hook' have been replaced. +The old hook variables 'find-file-hook', 'find-file-not-found-hook' and +'write-file-hook' have been replaced. -The replacements are `find-file-hooks', `find-file-not-found-hooks' -and `write-file-hooks'. Each holds a list of functions to be called; -by default, `nil', for no functions. The functions are called in +The replacements are 'find-file-hooks', 'find-file-not-found-hooks' +and 'write-file-hooks'. Each holds a list of functions to be called; +by default, 'nil', for no functions. The functions are called in order of appearance in the list. -In the case of `find-file-hooks', all the functions are executed. +In the case of 'find-file-hooks', all the functions are executed. -In the case of `find-file-not-found-hooks', if any of the functions -returns non-`nil', the rest of the functions are not called. +In the case of 'find-file-not-found-hooks', if any of the functions +returns non-'nil', the rest of the functions are not called. -In the case of `write-file-hooks', if any of the functions returns -non-`nil', the rest of the functions are not called, and the file is +In the case of 'write-file-hooks', if any of the functions returns +non-'nil', the rest of the functions are not called, and the file is considered to have been written already; so actual writing in the -usual way is not done. If `write-file-hooks' is local to a buffer, -it is set to its global value if `set-visited-file-name' is called +usual way is not done. If 'write-file-hooks' is local to a buffer, +it is set to its global value if 'set-visited-file-name' is called (and thus by C-x C-w as well). -`find-file-not-found-hooks' and `write-file-hooks' can be used +'find-file-not-found-hooks' and 'write-file-hooks' can be used together to implement editing of files that are not stored as Unix files: stored in archives, or inside version control systems, or on other machines running other operating systems and accessible via ftp. ** New hooks for suspending Emacs. -Suspending Emacs runs the hook `suspend-hook' before suspending -and the hook `suspend-resume-hook' if the suspended Emacs is resumed. +Suspending Emacs runs the hook 'suspend-hook' before suspending +and the hook 'suspend-resume-hook' if the suspended Emacs is resumed. Running a hook is done by applying the variable's value to no arguments -if the variable has a non-`nil' value. If `suspend-hook' returns -non-`nil', then suspending is inhibited and so is running the -`suspend-resume-hook'. The non-`nil' value means that the `suspend-hook' +if the variable has a non-'nil' value. If 'suspend-hook' returns +non-'nil', then suspending is inhibited and so is running the +'suspend-resume-hook'. The non-'nil' value means that the 'suspend-hook' has done whatever suspending is required. ** Disabling commands can print a special message. -A command is disabled by giving it a non-`nil' `disabled' property. +A command is disabled by giving it a non-'nil' 'disabled' property. Now, if this property is a string, it is included in the message printed when the user tries to run the command. ** Emacs can open TCP connections. -The function `open-network-stream' opens a TCP connection to +The function 'open-network-stream' opens a TCP connection to a specified host and service. Its value is a Lisp object that represents the connection. The object is a kind of "subprocess", and I/O are done like I/O to subprocesses. @@ -1100,7 +1102,7 @@ done like I/O to subprocesses. *** New mode-line control features. The display of the mode line used to be controlled by a format-string -that was the value of the variable `mode-line-format'. +that was the value of the variable 'mode-line-format'. This variable still exists, but it now allows more general values, not just strings. Lists, cons cells and symbols are also meaningful. @@ -1139,16 +1141,16 @@ used as mode elements, and what they do in the display: at most the width specified by the integer. There is always one mode element to start with, that being the value of -`mode-line-format', but if this value is a list then it leads to several +'mode-line-format', but if this value is a list then it leads to several more mode elements, which can lead to more, and so on. There is one new %-construct for mode elements that are strings: `%n' displays ` Narrow' for a buffer that is narrowed. -The default value of `mode-line-format' refers to several other variables. -These variables are `mode-name', `mode-line-buffer-identification', -`mode-line-process', `mode-line-modified', `global-mode-string' and -`minor-mode-alist'. The first four are local in every buffer in which they +The default value of 'mode-line-format' refers to several other variables. +These variables are 'mode-name', 'mode-line-buffer-identification', +'mode-line-process', 'mode-line-modified', 'global-mode-string' and +'minor-mode-alist'. The first four are local in every buffer in which they are changed from the default. mode-name Name of buffer's major mode. Local in every buffer. @@ -1156,7 +1158,7 @@ mode-name Name of buffer's major mode. Local in every buffer. mode-line-buffer-identification Normally the list ("Emacs: %17b"), it is responsible for displaying text to indicate what buffer is being shown - and what kind of editing it is doing. `Emacs' means + and what kind of editing it is doing. 'Emacs' means that a file of characters is being edited. Major modes such as Info and Dired which edit or view other kinds of data often change this value. This variables becomes @@ -1188,72 +1190,72 @@ global-mode-string The idea of these variables is to eliminate the need for major modes to alter mode-line-format itself. -*** `window-point' valid for selected window. +*** 'window-point' valid for selected window. -The value returned by `window-point' used to be incorrect when its +The value returned by 'window-point' used to be incorrect when its argument was the selected window. Now the value is correct. *** Window configurations may be saved as Lisp objects. -The function `current-window-configuration' returns a special type of +The function 'current-window-configuration' returns a special type of Lisp object that represents the current layout of windows: the sizes and positions of windows, which buffers appear in them, and which parts of the buffers appear on the screen. -The function `set-window-configuration' takes one argument, which must +The function 'set-window-configuration' takes one argument, which must be a window configuration object, and restores that configuration. -*** New hook `temp-output-buffer-show-hook'. +*** New hook 'temp-output-buffer-show-hook'. This hook allows you to control how help buffers are displayed. -Whenever `with-output-to-temp-buffer' has executed its body and wants -to display the temp buffer, if this variable is bound and non-`nil' +Whenever 'with-output-to-temp-buffer' has executed its body and wants +to display the temp buffer, if this variable is bound and non-'nil' then its value is called with one argument, the temp buffer. The hook function is solely responsible for displaying the buffer. The standard manner of display--making the buffer appear in a window--is used only if there is no hook function. -*** New function `minibuffer-window'. +*** New function 'minibuffer-window'. This function returns the window used (sometimes) for displaying the minibuffer. It can be used even when the minibuffer is not active. -*** New feature to `next-window'. +*** New feature to 'next-window'. -If the optional second argument is neither `nil' nor `t', the minibuffer +If the optional second argument is neither 'nil' nor 't', the minibuffer window is omitted from consideration even when active; if the starting window was the last non-minibuffer window, the value will be the first non-minibuffer window. -*** New variable `minibuffer-scroll-window'. +*** New variable 'minibuffer-scroll-window'. -When this variable is non-`nil', the command `scroll-other-window' +When this variable is non-'nil', the command 'scroll-other-window' uses it as the window to be scrolled. Displays of completion-lists set this variable to the window containing the display. -*** New argument to `sit-for'. +*** New argument to 'sit-for'. -A non-nil second argument to `sit-for' means do not redisplay; +A non-nil second argument to 'sit-for' means do not redisplay; just wait for the specified time or until input is available. -*** Deleted function `set-minor-mode'; minor modes must be changed. +*** Deleted function 'set-minor-mode'; minor modes must be changed. -The function `set-minor-mode' has been eliminated. The display +The function 'set-minor-mode' has been eliminated. The display of minor mode names in the mode line is now controlled by the -variable `minor-mode-alist'. To specify display of a new minor +variable 'minor-mode-alist'. To specify display of a new minor mode, it is sufficient to add an element to this list. Once that is done, you can turn the mode on and off just by setting a variable, and the display will show its status automatically. -*** New variable `cursor-in-echo-area'. +*** New variable 'cursor-in-echo-area'. If this variable is non-nil, the screen cursor appears on the last line of the screen, at the end of the text displayed there. Binding this variable to t is useful at times when reading single -characters of input with `read-char'. +characters of input with 'read-char'. -*** New per-buffer variable `selective-display-ellipses'. +*** New per-buffer variable 'selective-display-ellipses'. If this variable is non-nil, an ellipsis (`...') appears on the screen at the end of each text line that is followed by invisible text. @@ -1262,16 +1264,16 @@ If this variable is nil, no ellipses appear. Then there is no sign on the screen that invisible text is present. Text is made invisible under the control of the variable -`selective-display'; this is how Outline mode and C-x $ work. +'selective-display'; this is how Outline mode and C-x $ work. -*** New variable `no-redraw-on-reenter'. +*** New variable 'no-redraw-on-reenter'. If you set this variable non-nil, Emacs will not clear the screen when you resume it after suspending it. This is for the sake of terminals with multiple screens of memory, where the termcap entry has been set up to switch between screens when Emacs is suspended and resumed. -*** New argument to `set-screen-height' or `set-screen-width'. +*** New argument to 'set-screen-height' or 'set-screen-width'. These functions now take an optional second argument which says what significance the newly specified height or width has. @@ -1295,21 +1297,21 @@ needed. ** File-related changes. -*** New parameter `backup-by-copying-when-mismatch'. +*** New parameter 'backup-by-copying-when-mismatch'. -If this variable is non-`nil', then when Emacs is about to save a +If this variable is non-'nil', then when Emacs is about to save a file, it will create the backup file by copying if that would avoid changing the file's uid or gid. -The default value of this variable is `nil', because usually it is +The default value of this variable is 'nil', because usually it is useful to have the uid of a file change according to who edited it -last. I recommend that this variable be left normally `nil' and +last. I recommend that this variable be left normally 'nil' and changed with a local variables list in those particular files where the uid needs to be preserved. -*** New parameter `file-precious-flag'. +*** New parameter 'file-precious-flag'. -If this variable is non-`nil', saving the buffer tries to avoid +If this variable is non-'nil', saving the buffer tries to avoid leaving an incomplete file due to disk full or other I/O errors. It renames the old file before saving. If saving is successful, the renamed file is deleted; if saving gets an error, the renamed @@ -1317,29 +1319,29 @@ file is renamed back to the name you visited. Backups are always made by copying for such files. -*** New variable `buffer-offer-save'. +*** New variable 'buffer-offer-save'. -If the value of this variable is non-`nil' in a buffer then exiting +If the value of this variable is non-'nil' in a buffer then exiting Emacs will offer to save the buffer (if it is modified and nonempty) even if the buffer is not visiting a file. This variable is automatically made local to the current buffer whenever it is set. -*** `rename-file', `copy-file', `add-name-to-file' and `make-symbolic-link'. +*** 'rename-file', 'copy-file', 'add-name-to-file' and 'make-symbolic-link'. -The third argument to these functions used to be `t' or `nil'; `t' +The third argument to these functions used to be 't' or 'nil'; 't' meaning go ahead even if the specified new file name already has a file, -and `nil' meaning to get an error. +and 'nil' meaning to get an error. Now if the third argument is a number it means to ask the user for confirmation in this case. -*** New optional argument to `copy-file'. +*** New optional argument to 'copy-file'. -If `copy-file' receives a non-nil fourth argument, it attempts +If 'copy-file' receives a non-nil fourth argument, it attempts to give the new copy the same time-of-last-modification that the original file has. -*** New function `file-newer-than-file-p'. +*** New function 'file-newer-than-file-p'. (file-newer-than-file-p FILE1 FILE2) returns non-nil if FILE1 has been modified more recently than FILE2. If FILE1 does not exist, the value @@ -1347,19 +1349,19 @@ is always nil; otherwise, if FILE2 does not exist, the value is t. This is meant for use when FILE2 depends on FILE1, to see if changes in FILE1 make it necessary to recompute FILE2 from it. -*** Changed function `file-exists-p'. +*** Changed function 'file-exists-p'. -This function is no longer the same as `file-readable-p'. -`file-exists-p' can now return t for a file that exists but which +This function is no longer the same as 'file-readable-p'. +'file-exists-p' can now return t for a file that exists but which the fascists won't allow you to read. -*** New function `file-locked-p'. +*** New function 'file-locked-p'. -This function receives a file name as argument and returns `nil' -if the file is not locked, `t' if locked by this Emacs, or a +This function receives a file name as argument and returns 'nil' +if the file is not locked, 't' if locked by this Emacs, or a string giving the name of the user who has locked it. -*** New function `file-name-sans-versions'. +*** New function 'file-name-sans-versions'. (file-name-sans-versions NAME) returns a substring of NAME, with any version numbers or other backup suffixes deleted from the end. @@ -1379,9 +1381,9 @@ directory, but the name of the file that holds that directory is `du:[rms]foo.dir'. There are two new functions for converting between directory names -and file names. `directory-file-name' takes a directory name and +and file names. 'directory-file-name' takes a directory name and returns the name of the file in which that directory's data is stored. -`file-name-as-directory' takes the name of a file and returns +'file-name-as-directory' takes the name of a file and returns the corresponding directory name. These always understand Unix file name syntax; on VMS, they understand VMS syntax as well. @@ -1390,30 +1392,30 @@ and (directory-file-name "/usr/rms/") returns "/usr/rms". On VMS, (file-name-as-directory "du:[rms]foo.dir") returns "du:[rms.foo]" and (directory-file-name "du:[rms.foo]") returns "du:[rms]foo.dir". -*** Value of `file-attributes' changed. +*** Value of 'file-attributes' changed. The function file-attributes returns a list containing many kinds of information about a file. Now the list has eleven elements. -The tenth element is `t' if deleting the file and creating another +The tenth element is 't' if deleting the file and creating another file of the same name would result in a change in the file's group; -`nil' if there would be no change. You can also think of this as +'nil' if there would be no change. You can also think of this as comparing the file's group with the default group for files created in the same directory by you. The eleventh element is the inode number of the file. -*** VMS-only function `file-name-all-versions'. +*** VMS-only function 'file-name-all-versions'. This function returns a list of all the completions, including version number, of a specified version-number-less file name. This is like -`file-name-all-completions', except that the latter returns values +'file-name-all-completions', except that the latter returns values that do not include version numbers. -*** VMS-only variable `vms-stmlf-recfm'. +*** VMS-only variable 'vms-stmlf-recfm'. On a VMS system, if this variable is non-nil, Emacs will give newly -created files the record format `stmlf'. This is necessary for files +created files the record format 'stmlf'. This is necessary for files that must contain lines of arbitrary length, such as compiled Emacs Lisp. @@ -1423,35 +1425,35 @@ no effect. This variable has no effect on Unix systems. -*** `insert-file-contents' on an empty file. +*** 'insert-file-contents' on an empty file. This no longer sets the buffer's "modified" flag. -*** New function (VMS only) `define-logical-name': +*** New function (VMS only) 'define-logical-name': (define-logical-name LOGICAL TRANSLATION) defines a VMS logical name LOGICAL whose translation is TRANSLATION. The new name applies to the current process only. -*** Deleted variable `ask-about-buffer-names'. +*** Deleted variable 'ask-about-buffer-names'. If you want buffer names for files to be generated in a special way, -you must redefine `create-file-buffer'. +you must redefine 'create-file-buffer'. ** Subprocess-related changes. -*** New function `process-list'. +*** New function 'process-list'. This function takes no arguments and returns a list of all of Emacs's asynchronous subprocesses. -*** New function `process-exit-status'. +*** New function 'process-exit-status'. This function, given a process, process name or buffer as argument, returns the exit status code or signal number of the process. If the process has not yet exited or died, this function returns 0. -*** Process output ignores `buffer-read-only'. +*** Process output ignores 'buffer-read-only'. Output from a process will go into the process's buffer even if the buffer is read only. @@ -1464,57 +1466,57 @@ permanently alter the selected buffer in a straightforward manner. *** Specifying environment variables for subprocesses. -When a subprocess is started with `start-process' or `call-process', -the value of the variable `process-environment' is taken to +When a subprocess is started with 'start-process' or 'call-process', +the value of the variable 'process-environment' is taken to specify the environment variables to give the subprocess. The value should be a list of strings, each of the form "VAR=VALUE". -`process-environment' is initialized when Emacs starts up +'process-environment' is initialized when Emacs starts up based on Emacs's environment. -*** New variable `process-connection-type'. +*** New variable 'process-connection-type'. -If this variable is `nil', when a subprocess is created, Emacs uses +If this variable is 'nil', when a subprocess is created, Emacs uses a pipe rather than a pty to communicate with it. Normally this -variable is `t', telling Emacs to use a pty if ptys are supported +variable is 't', telling Emacs to use a pty if ptys are supported and one is available. -*** New function `waiting-for-user-input-p'. +*** New function 'waiting-for-user-input-p'. -This function, given a subprocess as argument, returns `t' if that +This function, given a subprocess as argument, returns 't' if that subprocess appears to be waiting for input sent from Emacs, -or `nil' otherwise. +or 'nil' otherwise. -*** New hook `shell-set-directory-error-hook'. +*** New hook 'shell-set-directory-error-hook'. The value of this variable is called, with no arguments, whenever Shell mode gets an error trying to keep track of directory-setting -commands (such as `cd' and `pushd') used in the shell buffer. +commands (such as 'cd' and 'pushd') used in the shell buffer. -** New functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid'. +** New functions 'user-uid' and 'user-real-uid'. These functions take no arguments and return, respectively, the effective uid and the real uid of the Emacs process. The value in each case is an integer. -** New variable `print-escape-newlines' controls string printing. +** New variable 'print-escape-newlines' controls string printing. -If this variable is non-`nil', then when a Lisp string is printed -by the Lisp printing function `prin1' or `print', newline characters +If this variable is non-'nil', then when a Lisp string is printed +by the Lisp printing function 'prin1' or 'print', newline characters are printed as `\n' rather than as a literal newline. -** New function `sysnetunam' on HPUX. +** New function 'sysnetunam' on HPUX. This function takes two arguments, a network address PATH and a -login string LOGIN, and executes the system call `netunam'. -It returns `t' if the call succeeds, otherwise `nil'. +login string LOGIN, and executes the system call 'netunam'. +It returns 't' if the call succeeds, otherwise 'nil'. News regarding installation: ** Many `s-...' file names changed. Many `s-...' files have been renamed. All periods in such names, -except the ones just before the final `h', have been changed to +except the ones just before the final 'h', have been changed to hyphens. Thus, `s-bsd4.2.h' has been renamed to `s-bsd4-2.h'. This is so a Unix distribution can be moved mechanically to VMS. @@ -1533,7 +1535,7 @@ well as functions. This may make it easier to port to some machines. -** Macros `XPNTR' and `XSETPNTR'; flag `DATA_SEG_BITS'. +** Macros 'XPNTR' and 'XSETPNTR'; flag `DATA_SEG_BITS'. These macros exclusively are used to unpack a pointer from a Lisp_Object and to insert a pointer into a Lisp_Object. Redefining them may help @@ -1557,7 +1559,7 @@ for more information. ** `SYSTEM_MALLOC' prevents use of GNU `malloc.c'. -SYSTEM_MALLOC, if defined, means use the system's own `malloc' routines +SYSTEM_MALLOC, if defined, means use the system's own 'malloc' routines rather than those that come with Emacs. Use this only if absolutely necessary, because if it is used you do @@ -1580,23 +1582,23 @@ These flags just say whether certain system calls are available. ** New macros control compiler switches, linker switches and libraries. The m- and s- files can now control in a modular fashion the precise -arguments passed to `cc' and `ld'. +arguments passed to 'cc' and 'ld'. -LIBS_STANDARD defines the standard C libraries. Default is `-lc'. -LIBS_DEBUG defines the extra libraries to use when debugging. Default `-lg'. +LIBS_STANDARD defines the standard C libraries. Default is '-lc'. +LIBS_DEBUG defines the extra libraries to use when debugging. Default '-lg'. LIBS_SYSTEM can be defined by the s- file to specify extra libraries. LIBS_MACHINE can be defined by the m- file to specify extra libraries. LIBS_TERMCAP defines the libraries for Termcap or Terminfo. It is defined by default in a complicated fashion but the m- or s- file can override it. -LD_SWITCH_SYSTEM can be defined by the s- file to specify extra `ld' switches. - The default is `-X' on BSD systems except those few that use COFF object files. -LD_SWITCH_MACHINE can be defined by the m- file to specify extra `ld' switches. +LD_SWITCH_SYSTEM can be defined by the s- file to specify extra 'ld' switches. + The default is '-X' on BSD systems except those few that use COFF object files. +LD_SWITCH_MACHINE can be defined by the m- file to specify extra 'ld' switches. -C_DEBUG_SWITCH defines the switches to give `cc' when debugging. Default `-g'. -C_OPTIMIZE_SWITCH defines the switches to give `cc' to optimize. Default `-O'. -C_SWITCH_MACHINE can be defined by the m- file to specify extra `cc' switches. +C_DEBUG_SWITCH defines the switches to give 'cc' when debugging. Default '-g'. +C_OPTIMIZE_SWITCH defines the switches to give 'cc' to optimize. Default '-O'. +C_SWITCH_MACHINE can be defined by the m- file to specify extra 'cc' switches. |